The method of producing yellow phosphorus in a DC submerged arc furnace
March 05, 2024
The generation of yellow phosphorus by electric furnace method is generally divided into seven processes: raw material preparation, electric furnace phosphorus production, refining, finished product packaging, tail gas purification, slag treatment, and sewage treatment.
Mix phosphate ore, silica, and coke that meet the production process requirements in a certain proportion and then add them to a closed electric furnace. The electric energy input from the three-phase electrode heats the furnace material to 1300-1500 ℃ for chemical reaction. Among them, the combined phosphorus in the phosphate ore is reduced to elemental phosphorus by carbon, and the furnace gas containing phosphorus vapor escapes from the gas duct. After washing, condensing, and refining with water, the finished yellow phosphorus is obtained. Carbon monoxide and other gases are purified and sent for comprehensive utilization. The iron oxide (Fe2O3) in the furnace charge is reduced to form metallic iron, and the molten iron reacts with phosphorus to form phosphorous iron, which is regularly discharged along with calcium silicate slag.
Yellow phosphorus can be used to produce red phosphorus, phosphorus anhydrides, and phosphides, which are used in matches, desiccants, pesticides, spices, dyes, phosphates, and other organic compound industries.
It can be processed into phosphoric acid and phosphate, and is an industrial raw material for manufacturing fertilizers, food, feed, medicine, reagents, detergents, fire retardants, etc.
The by-products include slag, ferrophosphate, exhaust gas, and phosphorus sludge. For each ton of yellow phosphorus produced, 8-10 tons of slag can be produced as a byproduct, 60-200kg of iron phosphate, and 2400-3000m³ of tail gas， 100-200kg of phosphorus mud.
Furnace slag can be used as a cement admixture, and can also be used to produce building materials such as ash brick and ceramic tile. It can also be used to manufacture silicon calcium fertilizer and extract rare metals.
Phosphate iron is mainly provided for the smelting industry to manufacture special steel, and can also be used to produce pig iron, trisodium phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, and phosphate fertilizer.
The calorific value of phosphorus production tail gas is relatively high, reaching 9600-11700kJ/m³， It is a good fuel. Purified carbon monoxide is the main raw material for synthesizing formic acid, oxalic acid, and methanol.
